The updated reference monograph is intended as a guide for researchers and graduate students who are seeking a comprehensive treatment of the design of instruments and beamguiding systems of charged. Sudarshan and the quantum mechanics of charged particle beam optics sameen ahmed khan e. With the growing proliferation of nanotechnologies, powerful imaging technologies are being developed to operate at the subnanometer scale. Several applications of sofem in charged particle optics will also be illustrated, such as the simulation of electrostatic and magnetic lenses and deflectors, the modelling of electron and ion sources, and the evaluation of high. Wave particle duality is a great quantum mystery in the words of richard feynman. References introduction to charged particle optics. The close analogy between geometrical optics and the classical theories of chargedparticle beam optics have been known for a very long time. Computational techniques for the design of charged particle optical designs, munros electron optics software, ltd. These fields bend charged particle orbits in a manner analogous to the bending of light rays by shaped glass lenses.
Charged particle dynamics and beam transport optics book. Applied charged particle optics helmut liebl applied charged particle optics with 124 figures 123 dr. Charged particle optics integrated engineering software. Topics can be refined further in the search results. P and q are the object and image positions, respectively, with respect. Theory and design of charged particle beams berkeley lab. An introduction identifies the most important concepts of charged particle optics theory, and derives each mathematically from the first principles of physics. Handbook of charged particle optics 2nd edition jon.
Sudarshan had a multifaceted personality with immense contributions to diverse areas of physics. The emphasis of this article is on the common fundamentals and techniques on which the wide variety of different beam. Electron optics is a mathematical framework for the calculation of electron trajectories along electromagnetic fields. Magnetic field expansion for a properly aligned beam line with a welldefined reference trajectory, the field bo of each bending mag net is uniquely related to the curvature ho of the reference trajectory by h 0 rbolpo. Comparison between chargedparticle cp and lightlaser. The lorentz product page presents more specific options. The scientific instrumentation unit of the sam department focuses on the development of scientific instruments based on charged particle beams dedicated to nanoanalysis, nanoimaging and nanomachining. The ion beam travels in the beam transport line from one ion optical element to. This paper describes some computerbased activities to bring the study of charged particle optics to undergraduate students, to be performed as a part of a onesemester acceleratorbased. Since 1972, our knowledgeable and experienced team has been developing innovative technologies to advance the cleanroom monitoring industry.
This results as expected into the forcelaw 7 applied to all particles. Pieter kruit is full professor of physics at delft university of technology in the netherlands. With the current development of nontraditional prescriptions of helmholtz and maxwell optics. The sector field lenses, charged particle beams and phase space, and particle beams in periodic structures are also elaborated. A charged particle moving in a uniform magnetic field. Applied charged particle optics helmut lieblapplied charged particle optics with 124 figures123 dr. In recent years, quantum theories of charged particle beam optics have been presented with the very expected feature of wavelengthdependent effects.
The close analogy between geometrical optics and the classical theories of charged particle beam optics have been known for a very long time. However, cpo differs fundamentally in its more powerful and accurate methods of calculation boundary element method, and it offers welltested space charge, cathode emission, dielectric, and other advanced features. What first attempts educate publications be after learning this world. Twiss parameters shared by betatron motion of individual particles u u particle 1 particle 2 1 2 2 ellipses are similar to each other. Charged particle optics encyclopedia of imaging science and. The major emphasis is on calculating static electric and magnetic fields, particle trajectories, and images formed in systems with linear arrays of electric and magnetic lenses. The term optics is used because magnetic and electrostatic lenses act upon a charged particle beam similarly to optical lenses upon a light beam electron optics calculations are crucial for the design of electron microscopes and particle accelerators. Proceedings volume 2522 electronbeam sources and charged particle optics.
Advances in electronics and electron physics, by septier, supplement a isbn 9780120145737 ship for free. Theory and design of charged particle beams martin reiser. Applied charged particle optics pdf free download epdf. Fundamentals of charged particle optics in high energy accelerator systems u. These fields bend charged particle orbits in a manner analogous to. Home of the charged particle optics software worldbeating programs for solving 2 and 3dimensional electrostatic problem the boundary element method, bem, deals with surface charges and has many advantages over the methods used in almost all other commercial programs. Particle accelerator school winter 2008 mike syphers, arden warner fermilab. One of his contributions not widely known is to do with the emerging field of quantum mechanics of charged particle beam optics. It is not at both positions simultaneously, nor is it at no position at all.
Two dogmas of charged particle optics sciencedirect. Advances in imaging and electron physics, volume 157 1st. In this publication we derive a differential equation and a matrix algebra formalism valid to secondorder to present the basic principles governing the design of charged particle beam transport systems. Assuming an advanced undergraduatelevel understanding of calculus, this book follows a logical progression. The analogy between geometrical light optics and the classical theories of charged particle beam optics has been known and exploited for a very long time for comprehensive and historical accounts. Particle species and energy define the accelerator the first decision in the design of a circular accelerator is the tradeoff between tunnel circumference and magnetic field. Some analytical forms of scalar potential have been form ulated to evaluate electric. Beam optics and focusing systems without space charge. This series features extended articles on the physics of electron devices especially semiconductor devices, particle optics at high and low energies, microlithography, image science and digital image processing, electromagnetic. Electrostatic lenses, institute for scientific instruments of the. Classical charged particle beam optics used in the design and operation of all presentday charged particle beam devices, from low energy electron microscopes to high energy particle accelerators, is entirely based on classical mechanics. Contamination monitoring professionals particle measuring systems specializes in viable and nonviable particle counters that measure and monitor contamination levels in clean and controlled environments. Pdf handbook of charged particle optics semantic scholar. Liebl, applied charged particle optics springer, berlin, 2008.
This reference monograph covers all theoretical aspects of modern geometrical charged particle optics. Worldbeating programs for solving 2 and 3dimensional electrostatic problem. Special relativity frames of reference the principle of. This modernized and graphic version of a charged particle beam transport code consists mainly of the old cernslacfermilab version of transportcoded in portable fortran77 1 and c for the osdependant system calls. Geometrical chargedparticle optics ebook by harald rose. This topic browser contains over 2400 terms and is organized in a threelevel hierarchy. Helmut liebl authored by a pioneer of the field, this overview of charged particle optics provides a solid introduction to the field for all physicists wishing to design their own apparatus or better understand. Chapter 2 motion of charged particles in fields plasmas are complicated because motions of electrons and ions are determined by the electric and magnetic. Liquid metal ion sources, department of physics, university of athens, greece. It should give the reader the necessary background to.
Cpo is a software application that calculates electrostaticmagnetic fields and the trajectories of charged particles through those fields, a bit like simion. We have insisted on the notion of canonical and kinetic momentum because confusions might be extremely dangerous when applied to charged particle transport. Applied charged particle optics begins by introducing the electrostatic lenses and fields used for acceleration, focussing and deflection of ions or electrons. Jan 15, 2002 this article describes the the lenses used for highresolution chargedparticle optics and how their performancein particular, their resolutionis analyzed. These tools will be applied to the emblematic case of a onephoton wave packet, which behaves both as a particle and a wave. Three element cylindrical electrostatic lens systems for. A parallel beam of electrons being focused by a symmetric threeelement lens. Potential forms for electrostatic and magnetic cylindrical. We are forced to accept that both interpretations of the phenomenon of light are true, although. This second edition is an extended version of the first edition of geometrical charged particle optics. The industry standard for charge particle optics simulation. The cpo softwares core function is the calculation of electrostaticmagnetic fields and the trajectories of charged particles through those fields, a bit like simion.
Optics of charged particles pdf free download epdf. The updated reference monograph is intended as a guide for researchers and graduate students who are seeking a comprehensive treatment of the design of instruments and beamguiding systems of charged particles and their propagation in electromagnetic fields. Lecture 5 motion of a charged particle in a magnetic. This is a trajectory calculation module that is added to any of our field analysis programs, or combinations thereof. Authored by a pioneer of the field, this overview of charged particle optics provides a solid introduction to the field for all physicists wishing to design their own apparatus or better understand the instruments with which they work. Bhandari, vecc, kolkata, india abstract a cylindrical lens is mainly used for focusing and transporting low energy beam. Charged particle optics theory and simulation cpots erasmus intensive programme physics department university of crete august 18 september 1, 2012 heraklion, crete, greece participating institutions and instructors 1. Brown duke university physics department durham, nc 277080305. Subsequent chapters give detailed descriptions of electrostatic deflection elements, uniform and nonuniform magnetic section fields, image aberrations, and, finally, fringe field. Subsequent chapters give detailed descriptions of electrostatic deflection elements, uniform and nonuniform magnetic sector fields, image aberrations, and, finally, fringe field confinement. I am working on this myself and need to refer to some papers. The author has in one volume provided uptodate coverage of the majority of fundamental theoretical topics relevant to the optics of lowcurrent charged particle beams.
Course outline final september 30, 20 cpots 20 cpots 20 erasmus ip august 15 31, heraklion, crete page 6 bibliography 1 mikhail i. Charged particle optics wikibooks, open books for an open world. This wikibook will try to explain principles of charged particle optics. This town offers to an out of derivative or frilly book of this language.
Freund this item is only available on the spie digital library. But now that there are two peaks, the particle is at neither position individual. The topics discussed include gaussian optics and transfer matrices, general relations for the motion of charged particles in electromagnetic fields, and quadrupole lenses. The term optics is used because magnetic and electrostatic lenses act upon a charged particle beam similarly to optical lenses upon a light beam.
Charged particle beam optics programs by urs rohrer. Energy particles emittance exercises equation of motion the basic equation of motion of a charged particle in a electromagnetic. Cpo is a general purpose particle optics simulation package,somewhat like simion, but based on the boundary element method bem of field calculation. And formalisms of classical mechanics as applied to charged particle dynamics. Applied charged particle optics helmut liebl download.
Yavor, optics of charged particle analyzers, advances in imaging and electron physics, academic press, amsterdam 2009, vol. Review of linear optics measurement and correction for. He has had a chair in charged particle optics since 1989, heading a group with three permanent scientific staff, five technical staff and on average eight phd students. Electronbeam sources and chargedparticle optics 1995.
Applied charged particle optics helmut liebl springer. Magnetic lenses for electron microscopy, jeol, ltd. Theory of group applied to calculate field of multielectrode systems with symmetrical geometry of electrodes. Applied charged particle optics begins by introducing.
The program applies highaccuracy finiteelement techniques to calculate single particle orbits or to simulate steadystate beams in 2d planar or cylindrical electric and magnetic fields. Geometrical charged particle optics describes controlling of charged particle trajectories in electric magnetic fields in order to design some useful devices. Roesler department of physics university of wisconsin madison, wisconsin edition 1999 edited by murray a. Review of linear optics measurement and correction for charged particle accelerators rogelio tomas cern, ch1211 geneva 23, switzerland masamitsu aiba paul scherrer institut, ch5232 villigen psi, switzerland andrea franchi esrf, cs 40220, 38043 grenoble cedex 9, france ubaldo iriso albacells, c. Carey two dogmas of charged particle optics 419 here q is the particle charge and pis the reference momentum. Handbook of charged particle optics jon orloff download. In recent years, quantum theories of chargedparticle beam optics have been presented with the very expected feature of wavelengthdependent e ects. You will be able to fully appreciate real experiments demonstrating. It is especially suitable for systems requiring spacecharge limited cathode emissions or high accuracy field calculations. Munoz references introduction equations of motion matricial optics o. Martin reiser institute for research in electronics and applied physics university of maryland college park, usa email. Authored by a pioneer of the field, this overview of charged particle optics provides a solid introduction to the field for all physicists. Applied charged particle optics begins by introducing electrostatic lenses and fields used for acceleration, focussing and deflection of ions or electrons.
Analogies between light optics and chargedparticle optics. There are many applications for beams of charged particles ions and electrons that have very different resolution or beam size requirements. It is intended as a guide for researchers, who are involved in the design of electron optical instruments and beamguiding systems for charged particles, and as a tutorial for graduate students seeking a comprehensive treatment. May 12, 2007 can anyone refer me to some webpages where elementary matrix treatment to charged beam kinematics and optics can be found.
1544 527 853 823 1010 658 552 762 1075 411 1097 1379 261 1220 78 1565 766 1053 1229 1180 3 424 902 460 200 808 59 894 980 1470 540 87 401 868 1157 326 176 230 680 920 1284 180 449 34